How did the Adena use their environment?

How did the Adena use their environment?

However, they were known to have traveled widely for hunting, gathering, and trading needs. They supplemented their gardens with gathering native plants, seeds, grasses, nuts, and berries, hunted game, and fished. Their wide trading network provided them with copper from the Great Lakes and shells from the Gulf Coast.

What are the Adena and Hopewell most known for contributing farming wise?

The Adena were notable for their agricultural practices, pottery, artistic works, and extensive trading network, which supplied them with a variety of raw materials, ranging from copper from the Great Lakes to shells from the Gulf Coast.

How did the Adena Hopewell and Mississippian peoples use earth mounds?

500 bce: The Adena people build villages with burial mounds in the Midwest. 100 bce: Hopewell societies are building massive earthen mounds for burial of their dead and probably other religious purposes. 700 ce: The Mississippian culture begins.

What resources did the Hopewell use?

The Hopewell used tools such as knives and projectile points made of high quality flint and obsidian and hooks and awls made of bone. Their pottery was thinner and more refined than that of earlier cultures, and included new shapes such as bowls and jars.

What did the Adena believe in?

This concludes that there may be a chance the Adena practiced Shamanism.

Why did the Adena disappear?

Another possibility is that the Mound Builders died from a highly infectious disease. Although it appears that for the most part, the Mound Builders had left Ohio before Columbus arrived in the Caribbean, there were still a few Native Americans using burial practices similar to what the Mound Builders used.

What do we call the three mound building cultures?

The “Mound builder” cultures span the period of roughly 3500 BCE to 1600 CE, including the Archaic period, Woodland period (Calusa culture, Adena and Hopewell cultures), and Mississippian period.

What were mounds built for?

Mounds were typically flat-topped earthen pyramids used as platforms for religious buildings, residences of leaders and priests, and locations for public rituals. In some societies, honored individuals were also buried in mounds.

How did the Mound Builders die?

Another possibility is that the Mound Builders died from a highly infectious disease. Numerous skeletons show that most Mound Builders died before the age of 50, with the most deaths occurring in their 30s.

What did the Hopewell people eat?

In their eating habits, the Hopewell fit between hunter-gatherers and farmers. The Hopewell may have grown some plants, but they were not a full-time farming people. They ate nuts, squash, and the seeds from several plants. Hopewell people also ate wild animals, birds, and fish.

What are the Hopewell best known for?

The people who are considered to be part of the “Hopewell culture” built massive earthworks and numerous mounds while crafting fine works of art whose meaning often eludes modern archaeologists. Many Hopewell sites are located in what is now southern Ohio.

Where did Adena people come from?

The “Adena culture” is an archaeological term used to refer to a pre-contact American Indian culture that lived in Kentucky, southeastern Indiana, southwestern Pennsylvania, and most prominently in the Scioto River and Hocking Valleys in southern Ohio, and the Kanawha Valley near Charleston, West Virginia, during the …

What are the three types of mounds?

Mound types

• Cairn. Chambered cairn.
• Effigy mound.
• Kofun (Japanese mounds)
• Platform mound.
• Subglacial mound.
• Tell (also includes multi-lingual synonyms for mounds in the Near East)
• Terp (European dwelling mounds located in wetlands like flood plains and salt marshes)
• Tumulus (barrow) Bank barrow. Bell barrow. Bowl barrow.

  What two cultures are known as Mound Builders?

  From c. 500 B.C. to…

  D., the Adena, Hopewell, and Fort Ancient Native American cultures built mounds and enclosures in the Ohio River Valley for burial, religious, and, occasionally, defensive purposes.

  What were burial mounds used for?

  The mounds, some of which are spectacularly large and impressive, consist of earthen keyhole-shaped mounds surrounded by moats. They were used to bury royalty and prominent members of the aristocracy.

  What language did the Mound Builders speak?

  So far as anyone knows, the Mound Builders had no written language; they speak now only through what may be studied from the artifacts they left behind.

  What tribe were the Mound Builders?

  The Mississippians
  The Mississippians, who settled in the Mississippi valley and in what is today the southern United States, were the only Mound Builders to have contact with the Europeans. Their culture emerged about a.d. 700 and lasted into the 1700s. The Mississippians were farmers and raised livestock.

  What is the Hopewell religion?

  Religion was dominated by shamanic practices that included tobacco smoking. Stone smoking pipes and other carvings evince a strong affinity to the animal world, particularly in the depictions of monstrous human and animal combinations.

  What was the Adena language?

  Oddly, the name given to an important Indian culture existing in West Virginia from about 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1 is Adena, a Hebrew word meaning a place remarkable for the delightfulness of its situation.

  What were mounds used for?

  Some mounds of this period were built to bury important members of local tribal groups. These burial mounds were rounded, dome-shaped structures that generally range from about three to 18 feet high, with diameters from 50 to 100 feet.

  How did the Adena and Hopewell get food?

  They subsisted by hunting, fishing, and gathering wild plant foods. Their utensils consisted of such items as stone hoes, axes, and projectiles, stone smoking pipes, and simple pottery. Adena ornaments of copper, mica, and seashells attest to trade with faraway peoples.

  What were the Hopewell known for?

  The people who are considered to be part of the “Hopewell culture” built massive earthworks and numerous mounds while crafting fine works of art whose meaning often eludes modern archaeologists. This “Hopewell culture” flourished between roughly A.D. 1 and A.D. 500.

  In what four states do we believe the Adena lived in?

  The Hopewell may have grown some plants, but they were not a full-time farming people. They ate nuts, squash, and the seeds from several plants. Hopewell people also ate wild animals, birds, and fish.

  Where did the Adena and Hopewell cultures live?

  Conical burial mound built by the Adena culture c. 50 bce, in the Grave Creek Mound Archaeology Complex, Moundsville, West Virginia. This tradition of reshaping the landscape was continued by the Hopewell culture (c. 200 bce –500 ce) of the Illinois and Ohio river valleys.

  What did the Eastern Agricultural Complex do for a living?

  The Eastern Agricultural Complex was one of about 10 independent centers of plant domestication in the pre-historic world. By about 1,800 BCE the Native Americans of North America were cultivating for food several species of plants, thus transitioning from a hunter-gatherer economy to agriculture.

  What was the culture of the Hopewell people?

  Hopewell society was hierarchical and village-based; surplus food was controlled by elites who used their wealth to support highly skilled artisans and the construction of elaborate earthworks. An outstanding feature of Hopewell culture was a tradition of placing elaborate burial goods in the tombs of individuals or groups.

  What was the name of the Woodland culture?

  One of the most spectacular Eastern Woodland cultures preceding the introduction of maize was the Adena culture ( c. 500 bce –100 ce, although perhaps as early as 1000 bce in some areas), which occupied the middle Ohio River valley.

  Conical burial mound built by the Adena culture c. 50 bce, in the Grave Creek Mound Archaeology Complex, Moundsville, West Virginia. This tradition of reshaping the landscape was continued by the Hopewell culture (c. 200 bce –500 ce) of the Illinois and Ohio river valleys.

  What did people do in the Middle Woodland?

  Archaeological evidence suggests that people began to grow more of the seed crops that became established during the Early Woodland and that they also began clearing forests for fields. The Middle Woodland subperiod witnessed an increase in ritual and ceremonialism. The earliest earthen and rock mounds in Georgia date to the Middle Woodland.

  Hopewell society was hierarchical and village-based; surplus food was controlled by elites who used their wealth to support highly skilled artisans and the construction of elaborate earthworks. An outstanding feature of Hopewell culture was a tradition of placing elaborate burial goods in the tombs of individuals or groups.

  What did the Woodland people do in Georgia?

  The earliest earthen and rock mounds in Georgia date to the Middle Woodland. Most of these are small, dome-shaped structures that served as burial repositories. A few earthen platform mounds were also constructed during this time in Georgia. These platforms probably functioned as stages for ceremonies.